Determination of norethynodrel in sea water Custom Essay – Hope Papers

Determination of norethynodrel in sea water Custom Essay

Dear writer,

This assignment is in two parts. First part is a statistical part which I have done it, second part is as below: (also two examples will be provided "from lecture and from friend")(pictures and graphs

also will be provided))

You must write a report concerning your data. The report will have an introduction, procedure, results, discussion and conclusion. The discussion must end in a conclusion regarding the comparitive values of

hormone concentration at the different sites. It should also include a justification for the order of concentrations.

Determination of norethynodrel in sea water
Aim: To determine the concentration of norethynodrel in sea water by HPLC-MS.

Introduction
Norethynodrel is a progestin or synthetic progestagen which is used in oral contraceptive. There is significant concern that this and other hormonal based medications are effecting the breeding cycles of

animals, in particular in the oceans. These chemicals are found in out domestic waste and pass through waste water treatment facilities (WWTF) into the water ways. This experiment determined the

norethynodrel concentration in the sea water at three locations in major city (See map below, red dots indicate locations, red arrow indicates flow of water out of the bay and into the sea). Three replicate

samples were taken from each of these locations, mouth of the river which passes through the city; near the outfall of the city’s WWTF and in a cove in the national park on the opposite side of the bay to the

city.

Instructions
Click your results icon below to see the correct answers to the statistical analysis of your data. Also included are graphs of hormone and d-hormone calibration curve and the residuals for the regression

analysis and map of bay, all downloadable.
You must write a report concerning your data. The report will have an introduction, procedure, results, discussion and conclusion. The discussion must end in a conclusion regarding the comparitive values of

hormone concentration at the different sites. It should also include a justification for the order of concentrations.

Determination of norethynodrel in sea water
Aim: To determine the concentration of norethynodrel in sea water by HPLC-MS.
Results
Click here to download a file which contains the correct calculations for Part 1.
Click here to download a picture of the calibration curve for the norethynodrel (right click on picture in new window to save)

Click here to download a a picture of the residual plot for the norethynodrel (right click on picture in new window to save)

Click here to download a picture of the calibration curve for the d-norethynodrel (right click on picture in new window to save)

Click here to download a picture of the residual plot for the d-norethynodrel (right click on picture in new window to save)

Click here to download the map in the introduction (right click on picture in new window to save)

Introduction
Norethynodrel is a progestin or synthetic progestagen which is used in oral contraceptive. There is significant concern that this and other hormonal based medications are effecting the breeding cycles of

animals, in particular in the oceans. These chemicals are found in out domestic waste and pass through waste water treatment facilities (WWTF) into the water ways. This experiment determined the

norethynodrel concentration in the sea water at three locations in major city (See map below, red dots indicate locations, red arrow indicates flow of water out of the bay and into the sea). Three replicate

samples were taken from each of these locations, mouth of the river which passes through the city; near the outfall of the city’s WWTF and in a cove in the national park on the opposite side of the bay to the

city.

In this experiment, 100 litres of sea water was collected from each site. Three (3) 20 litre aliquots were taken from each of these 100 litre samples. Each aliquot was spiked with one (1) litre of 2.1014 ppm

d-norethyndrel solution. d-norethyndrel is the deuterated analog of norethyndrel and is used in this experiment to determine the efficiency of the ethyl acetate extraction. The sub-sample was then passed

through an extraction filter tube which collected all the organic material. This concentrates the organic material into the smaller organic extract. The organic compounds were then extracted from the filter tube

with ethyl acetate. A new filter tube was used for each sub-sample. The ethyl acetate extract was collected in a 5-ml volumetric flask and made to volume with ethyl acetate. This extract was analysed by

HPLC-MS. The individual organic compounds in the ethyl acetate extract were separated by HPLC and each separated species and its concentration analysed by MS. The peaks due to norethyndrel and d-

norethyndrel were identified and measured. Each extraction was analysed 4 times by HPLC-MS.
17b-Methyltestosterone was used as an internal standard of the HPLC-MS. The results presented below are the normalised area of norethyndrel and d-norethyndrel, adjusted for this internal standard.
Calibration solutions
Ten solutions of known concentration of norethyndrel in ethyl acetate were prepared by dilution of a standard solution. Nine solutions of known concentraton of d-norethyndrel in ethyl acetate were prepared

by dilution of a standard solution. A blank solution was also prepared. SIMS (Selective Ion Mass Spectroscopy) was used to distinguish the peak areas of the norethyndrel and d-norethyndrel in the

chromatographs.
Each calibration solutions of norethyndrel and d-norethyndrel were recorded 4 times.
There are NO graphic outliers in the calibration curves of norethyndrel or d-norethyndrel
Results
Calibration curve – norethyndrel
Solution (ppm) Normalised peak area (SIMS) Standard Deviation
Blank (0 ppm) 0 40
40 15968 52
120 37082 106
240 83925 241
360 115351 345
480 163732 508
640 213886 678
800 262113 714
1000 336636 1059
1200 396558 1076
Calibration curve – d-norethyndrel
Solution (ppm) Normalised peak area (SIMS) Standard Deviation
Blank (0 ppm) 1563 39
250 49976 149
300 59040 178
325 64416 177
350 69352 196
375 73739 203
400 78296 229
450 88209 244
800 155508 434
Samples
Sample Normalised peak area – norethyndrel (SIMS) Normalised peak area – d-norethyndrel (SIMS)
WWTF – No. 1 328063,332917,328534,330187 79911,76924,77003,77172
WWTF – No. 2 314796,316131,330628,315374 76528,77313,76036,76882
WWTF – No. 3 317200,317906,316699,316532 77548,77948,76697,77559
National Park – No. 1 34810,35358,34896,35500 78031,76844,76926,77356
National Park- No. 2 34214,34276,34524,34789 77764,76981,76966,76659
National Park- No. 3 41183,41877,41420,41806 77558,78181,78053,76709
River – No. 1 79879,81218,80864,79737 76492,77006,76598,77124
River – No. 2 82788,83002,82224,83674 77730,77344,78150,77654
River – No. 3 83556,84677,84852,84411 78260,79122,78780,80035
(SIMS = Selective Ion Mass Sepectroscopy)
Calculate the concentration of norethyndrel in each sea water sample in ug/litre and hence the average concentration in these areas. In your discussion, comment on how the results were obtained (statistical

analysis). Discuss the different levels found at the sites in the bay and suggest an explanation for these differences.
Click here to download a file which contains all these values

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