Chapter 4: Reseach Findings of your Doctoral Project. See Doctoral Project Handbook located under the Resource tab
for further instructions.
This chapter will include a thorough analysis of the literature review and includes:
a. Introduction of Chapter
b. Results
c. Analysis and Evaluation of Findings
d. Summary
Chapter Four: Findings
This chapter is focused on presenting the results during the course of the analysis. All results that are relevant
to study need to be presented and discussed in a logical manner. This is accomplished by addressing each research
question in the order in which it was presented in Chapter One. Here the learner must assert that the research
questions have been answered. The results provide the foundation for justifying the findings and conclusions that
are drawn from this study.
Introduction
Write 2 to 3 paragraphs that present an overview of how the chapter is organized to present the data analysis. You
should begin with a brief review of the purpose of the study and the problem to be addressed. Include an overview
of how your findings were discovered.
Results
Findings or results or statistical analyses are presented without discussion. Include only the amount of
explanation necessary to help your reader understand the basis of your findings. The interpretation of the data
and speculation about what it means are both reserved for the next section called “Analysis and Evaluation of
Findings.”
The report of findings needs to be complete enough for the readers to interpret the data independently. Enough
detail needs to be provided for the readers to assess its worth. The basic operating principle is that intelligent
readers should be able to use this section on findings to make an independent judgment about what has been found.
Nothing must be withheld from the readers that would prevent this judgment form being made. At the same time,
material considered “common knowledge” to informed readers, such as definitions of common terms, need not be
presented. Information should not be presented in such a way as to guide the readers’ interpretation. Use graphic
representations such as tables and figures as appropriate. Should graphic representations be used, each table and
figure must be preceded by narrative text that introduces and clarifies or highlights it. Tables and figures must
fit on one page and follow the format described by APA. If there are a number of tables or figures to present,
weave the narrative text around them. Supplementary or secondary tables and figures can be placed in appendixes.
Analysis and Evaluation of Findings
This section is to report what your findings mean. Results are interpreted in light of the theory (or theories)
and/or the conceptual framework(s) you have identified. Findings are compared/contrasted to other studies. It is
clear how the field(s) of study may be affected by your inquiry. This section varies in length depending on the
kind of study conducted and the significance of the findings.
Summary
Discussion summarizes key points presented in Chapter 4. While more than a listing of the points that have been
made, the summary should provide a clear, cognitive, and succinct means of highlighting to the reader the main
points that have been presented.
Chapter Five: Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations
This section is the Learner’s opportunity to review all of the previous chapters. Included here is a summary of
the introductory information, and a restatement of the problem, purpose, research questions, methodology, and
results.
Summary of Findings and
The Learner brings focus on the problem statement and the research questions presented in the proposal; discusses
each of the research questions answering the question and extending the results to ideas, opinions, and
suggestions of the Learner on findings that impact these issues.
It is here that the Learner discusses and summarizes the findings for the study and explains whether the results
and findings support or contradict generally accepted theories and studies in the subject area. While being
concise, the Learner also wants to make the summary detailed enough so that a reader could understand the Doctoral
Project by only reading this chapter.
Implications for Practice
In this section, the Learner details how the results and findings promote improvement of practice in the field of
study. The implications must be linked to results and findings in the study. Discuss how the changes could be
implemented by practitioners in the field.
Direction for Future Research
When the investigation is complete and the Learner has set forth the meaning of the work to the field; he or she
is an expert on the particular topic of the study. The Learner has a special obligation therefore to suggest
future inquiries that could expand this field of knowledge. These recommendations grow out of the research that
the Learner has conducted and should be more than a list of topics he or she would have liked to research.
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