This is an optional makeup problem. If you wish, you may optionally
write this problem up to replace the corresponding part of your
midterm grade. By ‘writeup’, what is meant is a formal, written essay
which walks the reader through a phonological analysis.
• You will posit one (or more) UR(s) for the morpheme meaning ‘in’,
give one or more rules which are needed to derive the surface forms,
and give derivations to illustrate each of the rules in action.
• Your analysis should also explain why you made certain choices in
preference to other seemingly reasonable alternative. For example,
– why a phonological/morphological approach is preferable to a
– why the UR is not a di?erent allomorph
– why the target and conditioning environments are what you said
• Recall that good written form includes a walkthrough of each part of
the logic, rather than a big ‘data dump’ of rules, followed by a ‘data
dump’ of derivations, with little verbiage
The focus of this problem is the morphophonology of the Russian mor-
pheme meaning ‘in’. For simplicity, variations in pronunciation that arise
from vowel reduction have been removed. Consider the following data:
(1)
a. [vaspj
c. [vj
erundj
e. [vogurj
g. [vukrolj
morphological/phonological approach
for the rule and not something more general or more speci?c
irj
inj
e] ‘in aspirin.loc’ b. [naaspj
e] ‘in nonsense.loc’ d. [najerundj
>ts1] ‘in cucumber.loc’ f. [naogurj
e
e] ‘in dill.loc’ h. [naukrolj
irj
inj
e] ‘on aspirin.loc’
e] ‘on nonsense.loc’
>ts1] ‘on cucumber.loc’
e
e] ‘on dill.loc’
1
Note that Russian has palatalization, meaning that for nearly every ‘nor-
mal’ consonant C there is a contrasting palatalized consonant C
shares the same primary place/manner/voicing features, but possesses a
secondary palatal articulation. Moreover, the mid-vowel /e/ allophonically
palatalizes the consonant before it (1a-h). There are two exceptions to
this. First, the dental a?ricate >ts is considered inherently un-palatalizable,
in which case /e/ mutates to [1] (1e,f). Second, if there is no preceding
consonant, the palatal articulation is realized as a front glide immediately
before the vowel (1d). For the purposes of this problem, you may ignore
palatalization, as it does not interact with the phenomenon of interest.
Here is the next set of data:
(2)
eksj
a. [lj
iNgvj
b. [lj
c. [napj
d. [novostj
e. [rabotnj
f. [ras] [vrazj
ip] [vgrj
g. [grj
h. [gr1p] [vgr1bj
i. [glas] [vglazj
j. [gostj
k. [da>
tSa] [vda>
l. [druk] [vdruzj
m. [ü1na] [vü1nj
n. [ü1vot] [vü1votj
o. [zaks] [vzaksj
p. [zakas] [vzakazj
q. [zup] [vzubj
Now consider the following:
ija] [vlj
ist] [vlj
istok] [vnapj
] [vnovostj
ik] [vrabotnj
>tsa] [vgostj
inj
i
eksj
ije] ‘lecture / in lecture.loc’
istj
iNgvj
e] ‘linguist / in linguist.loc’
istokj
e] ‘beverage / in beverage.loc’
i] ‘news / in news.loc’
ikj
e] ‘worker / in worker.loc’
e] ‘occasion / in occasion.loc’
ipj
e] ‘?u / in ?u.loc’
e] ‘mushroom / in mushroom.loc’
e] ‘eye / in eye.loc’
>ts1] ‘guesthouse / in guesthouse.loc’
inj
i
tSe] ‘countryhouse / in countryhouse.loc’
e] ‘friend / in friend.loc’
e] ‘wife / in wife.loc’
e] ‘stomach / in stomach.loc’
e] ‘civic o?ce / in c.o.loc’
e] ‘order / in order.loc’
e] ‘tooth / in tooth.loc’
2
(3)
ik] [fknj
a. [knj
>ts] [fklju
b. [klju
c. [sat] [fsadj
d. [stol] [fstolj
e. [sobaka] [fsobakj
elka] [ftarj
f. [tarj
g. [trut] [ftrudj
h. [xj
imj
i. [xolodj
>ts1rj
emonj
j. [
>ts1snok] [f>ts1snokj
k. [
l. [ùtraf ] [fùtrafj
And here is the ?nal set of data:
(4)
a. [babuùka] [vobabuùkj
b. [banja] [vobanj
c. [bljudo] [vobljude] ‘prepared dish / in p.d.loc’
d. [bolj
] [vobolj
e. [varon] [vovaronj
f. [varj
enje] [vovarj
g. [votka] [vovotkj
h. [malj>
>
i. [mj
tSta] [vmj
e
tSka] [vopa>
j. [pa>
k. [pj
ivo] [vopj
l. [ploùadj
tSok] [vopu>
m. [pu>
ija] [fxj
iljn
j
ik] [fxolodj
ija] [f>ts1rj
igj
e] ‘book / in book.loc’
>ts1] ‘key / in key.loc’
e] ‘garden / in garden.loc’
e] ‘table / in table.loc’
e] ‘dog / in dog.loc’
elke] ‘dish / in dish.loc’
e] ‘labor / in labor.loc’
imj
ije] ‘.loc’
iljn
emonj
e] ‘.loc’
e] ‘?ne / in ?ne.loc’
j
ikj
e] ‘refrigerator / in refrigerator.loc’
ije] ‘ceremony / in ceremony.loc’
tSik] [vmalj>
] [voploùadj
e] ‘grandmother / in grandmother.loc’
e] ‘bathhouse / in bathhouse.loc’
i] ‘pain / in pain.loc’
e] ‘traincar / in traincar.loc’
enji] ‘(boiled) jam / in jam.loc’
e] ‘vodka / in vodka.loc’
tSikj
e] ‘little boy / in boy.loc’
>
tStj
e] ‘dream in dream.loc’
e
tSkj
e] ‘package / in package.loc’
ivj
e] ‘beer / in beer.loc’
i] ‘town square / in square.loc’
tSokj
e] ‘bundle / in bundle.loc’
3
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