Which of the following is a component of productivity in the 4-P cycle of continuous improvement?

Question 1 of 20
Which of the following is a component of productivity in the 4-P cycle of continuous improvement?
A. System flexibility
B. Organizational learning
C. Reduced waste and rework
D. Technological advancement
Question 2 of 20
__________ is the process of working with and through others to achieve organizational objectives in an efficient and ethical manner.
A. Organizational manner
B. Sociology
C. Organization theory
D. Management
Question 3 of 20
If Monica wants to be an effective manager, which of the following skills, according to Wilson’s research, should she focus on developing?
A. Vertical communication
B. A monocultural orientation
C. Develop narrow specialty
D. Empowerment and delegation
Question 4 of 20
The nature of interpersonal relationships for 21st-century managers should be which of these?
A. Competitive
B. Judicial
C. Neutral
D. Cooperative

Question 5 of 20
In today’s workplace, __________ are becoming the primary building block of organizations.
A. teams
B. suppliers
C. contingent employees
D. individuals

Question 6 of 20
Which of the following is NOT a landmark in the evolution of understanding and managing people?
A. The human relations movement
B. The total quality management movement
C. The glass ceiling movement
D. The contingency approach to management

Question 7 of 20
Which of the following is a Theory X assumption about people at work?
A. Work is a natural activity.
B. People are capable of self-direction if they are committed to objectives.
C. The typical employee can learn to accept and seek responsibility.
D. Most people prefer to be directed.

Question 8 of 20
In a recent survey of managers from 36 countries by the American Management Association, __________ and __________ ranked as the corporate world’s top two concerns.
A. quality; productivity
B. customer service; quality
C. productivity; employee satisfaction
D. morale; performance

Question 9 of 20
The pioneering work on TQM was done by:
A. Mayo.
B. Deming.
C. Follett.
D. McGregor.

Question 10 of 20
Which approach calls for using management concepts and techniques in a situationally appropriate manner?
A. One best way approach
B. Human relations approach
C. Theory X management approach
D. Contingency approach

Question 11 of 20
The three fundamental layers of organizational culture are:
A. observable artifacts, ethics, and socialization.
B. ethics, socialization, and mentoring.
C. ethics, observable artifacts, and mentoring.
D. observable artifacts, espoused values, and basic underlying assumptions.

Question 12 of 20
At the more visible level, culture represents:
A. espoused values.
B. basic underlying assumptions.
C. ethics.
D. observable artifacts.

Question 13 of 20
The values and norms that are exhibited by employees are called:
A. espoused values.
B. ethical values.
C. socialized values.
D. enacted values.

Question 14 of 20
Which of the following represents the core of organizational culture?
A. Observable artifacts
B. Basic assumptions
C. Ethics
D. Espoused values

Question 15 of 20
According to research, constructive culture is negatively correlated to:
A. job satisfaction.
B. intention to stay at the company.
C. innovation.
D. work avoidance.

Question 16 of 20
According to research, financial performance was higher among companies that had:
A. culture clashes.
B. adaptive and flexible cultures.
C. young managers in top management positions.
D. established cultures with at least 20 years of experienced management team.

Question 17 of 20
The process by which employees learn an organization’s values, norms, and required behaviors is referred to as:
A. mentoring.
B. organizational enculturation.
C. organizational socialization.
D. espoused value system indoctrination.

Question 18 of 20
Which phase of socialization requires employees to master important tasks and roles and to adjust to their work group’s values and norms?
A. Renewal
B. Change and acquisition
C. Anticipatory socialization
D. Encounter

Question 19 of 20
Which phase of socialization requires employees to master important tasks and roles and to adjust to their work group’s values and norms?
A. Renewal
B. Change and acquisition
C. Anticipatory socialization
D. Encounter

Question 20 of 20
According to Kathy Kram, two general functions of mentoring are:
A. career and psychosocial.
B. psychological and social.
C. social and physical.
D. physiological and cognitive.

Part 2
Question 1 of 20
Which of the following represents the first stage of the social information processing model?
A. Selective attention/Comprehension
B. Encoding
C. Simplification
D. Storage and Retention

Question 2 of 20
Mental depositories for storing information refer to:
A. schema.
B. cognitive categories.
C. stereotype.
D. attention.

Question 3 of 20
Long-term memory is made up of three compartments:
A. events, semantic, and person.
B. encoding, decoding, and processing.
C. individual, group, and organization.
D. storage, retention, and response.

Question 4 of 20
If a student rates all of his professors average on all dimensions of performance regardless of their actual performance, he or she is committing which of these perceptual errors?
A. Self-serving bias
B. Central tendency
C. Contrast effects
D. Halo

Question 5 of 20
__________ are suspected or inferred causes of behavior.
A. Causal attributions
B. Encoding events
C. Personalities
D. Diversity activities

Question 6 of 20
It is important to remember that __________ relates to other people, __________ relates to other tasks, and __________ relates to time.
A. consensus; consistency; distinctiveness
B. distinctiveness; consistency; consensus
C. consensus; distinctiveness; consistency
D. consistency; consensus; distinctiveness

Question 7 of 20
The __________ represents one’s tendency to take more personal responsibility for success than for failure.
A. self-serving bias
B. glass ceiling
C. contrast effects
D. fundamental attribution bias

Question 8 of 20
Which of the following exists at the core of diversity?
A. Personality
B. Perception
C. Attitude
D. Internal dimensions

Question 9 of 20
__________ belongs to the external dimensions of the diversity wheel.
A. Union affiliation
B. Religion
C. Sexual orientation
D. Ethnicity
Question 10 of 20
__________ practices relate to managers’ responsibility to treat diverse employees fairly.
A. Recruitment
B. Development
C. Ethnocentricity
D. Accountability

Question 11 of 20
A belief about one’s own self-worth based on an overall self-evaluation is called:
A. cognitions.
B. self-efficacy.
C. self-esteem.
D. self-concept.

Question 12 of 20
According to Bandura, which is the most potent source of self-efficacy?
A. Support from others
B. Prior experience
C. Emotional state
D. Behavior models
Question 13 of 20
According to field research, there is __________ relationship between high self-monitoring and career success.
A. a positive
B. a negative
C. a neutral
D. an inverse
Question 14 of 20
When a person consciously controls the learning process, he/she is engaging in:
A. self-esteem.
B. self-management.
C. self-efficacy.
D. self-monitoring.

Question 15 of 20
According to the self-management model, three cognitive supports for behavior change, from the person perspective, are:
A. self-contracts, self-talk, and personal goal setting.
B. self-observation data, self-reinforcement, and self-talk.
C. negative cues, positive cues, and symbolic coding.
D. symbolic coding, rehearsal, and self-talk.

Question 16 of 20
Being relaxed, secure, and unworried are characteristics of which of these Big Five Personality dimensions?
A. Emotional stability
B. Locus of control
C. Conscientiousness
D. Agreeableness

Question 17 of 20
Among the Big Five, which dimension had the strongest positive correlation with job performance and training performance?
A. Conscientiousness
B. Emotional stability
C. Openness to experience
D. Agreeableness

Question 18 of 20
People with __________ see themselves as masters of their own fate.
A. an external locus of control
B. an openness to experience
C. an internal locus of control
D. emotional stability

Question 19 of 20
__________ is a learned predisposition toward a given object.
A. Personality
B. Perception
C. Self-concept
D. Attitude

Question 20 of 20
__________ are goal-incongruent.
A. Positive emotions
B. Attitudes
C. Mental abilities
D. Negative emotions

___________________________________________________________________________________________

Part 3
Question 1 of 20
__________ are physiological and psychological deficiencies that arouse behavior.
A. Motivations
B. Abilities
C. Beliefs
D. Needs

Question 2 of 20
Which of the following is a key managerial implication of Maslow’s theory?
A. Adults can be trained to increase their achievement motivation.
B. A satisfied need may lose its motivational potential.
C. Managers should create challenging task assignments or goals.
D. Achievement, affiliation, and power needs can be considered during the selection process for better placement.
Question 3 of 20
Achievement-motivated people share which of these characteristics?
A. A preference for working on tasks of very high difficulty
B. A preference for situations in which performance is due to their effort rather than other factors
C. A desire for less feedback on their successes and failures than low achievers
D. More concern with discipline and self-respect

Question 4 of 20
Achievement-motivated people share which of these characteristics?
A. A preference for working on tasks of very high difficulty
B. A preference for situations in which performance is due to their effort rather than other factors
C. A desire for less feedback on their successes and failures than low achievers
D. More concern with discipline and self-respect

Question 5 of 20
Which of the following is also referred to as horizontally loading the job?
A. Job rotation
B. Job enlargement
C. Mechanistic approach
D. Job enrichment

Question 6 of 20
__________ refers to the extent to which the job affects the lives of other people within or outside the organization.
A. Task identity
B. Skill variety
C. Feedback from job
D. Task significance

Question 7 of 20
Which of the following models propose that satisfaction is a result of met expectations?
A. Need fulfillment models
B. Discrepancies models
C. Value attainment models
D. Equity model

Question 8 of 20
Equity theory is based on __________ theory.
A. goal setting
B. need satisfaction
C. cognitive dissonance
D. motivation-hygiene

Question 9 of 20
__________ justice is defined as the perceived fairness of the process and procedures used to make allocation decisions.
A. Distributive
B. Procedural
C. Interpersonal
D. Equitable

Question 10 of 20
According to Vroom, expectancy refers to which of the following linkages?
A. Performance ® Effort
B. Outcome ® Performance
C. Performance ® Outcome
D. Effort ® Performance

Question 11 of 20
A management system that incorporates participation in decision making, goal setting, and objective feedback is:
A. organization justice.
B. a distributive system.
C. an expectancy system.
D. MBO.

Question 12 of 20
According to Locke’s model, goal setting has all of the following motivational mechanisms EXCEPT:
A. goals direct attention.
B. goals regulate effort.
C. goals increase persistence.
D. goals create equity.

Question 13 of 20
According to research, goal difficulty was __________ related to performance.
A. positively
B. negatively
C. not
D. inversely

Question 14 of 20
“SMART” goals stands for:
A. specific, measurable, attainable, results-oriented, and time bound.
B. specific, merit-based, acceptable, revealed, and tested.
C. systematic, measurable, acceptable, real, and two-dimensional.
D. synergistic, moderated, attainable, research-based, and time-tested.

Question 15 of 20
Generally, people tend to perceive and recall __________ feedback more accurately than they do __________ feedback.
A. positive; negative
B. negative; positive
C. negative; downward
D. downward; upward

Question 16 of 20
Which of the following was voted most effective as an incentive pay plan?
A. Individual incentives
B. Group incentives
C. Skill- or knowledge-based pay
D. Profit sharing

Question 17 of 20
Skinner labeled unlearned reflexes or stimulus-response connections as __________ behavior.
A. operant
B. respondent
C. effective
D. normative

Question 18 of 20
Which of the following strengthen behavior?
A. Positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement
B. Punishment and extinction
C. Positive reinforcement and extinction
D. Punishment and negative reinforcement

Question 19 of 20
Making behavior occur less often by ignoring or not reinforcing it refers to:
A. punishment.
B. positive reinforcement.
C. extinction.
D. negative reinforcement.

Question 20 of 20
Random supervisory praise for employees who have been doing a good job is an example of __________ reinforcement.
A. continuous
B. fixed-ratio
C. fixed-interval
D. variable-interval